Sony small laptop

Sony is known for building efficient laptops. Laptops built by it are known for excellent battery back up and brightness. These laptops provide high end communication with their wireless technology. Some of laptops made by this company use a special kind of technology for protecting data from intruders. Sony introduced bio finger print reader: this reader allows users to make a move of their finger on it, and when match occurs the reader provides access to the data. VAIO brand is a sub brand of Sony. This brand is known for developing systems which have multimedia functions. VAIO stands for video and audio integrated operation.

Sony VAIO UX series laptops appear to be unique.
These laptops are best micro devices available in the market, they are known for their performance. These laptops come with a Windows XP operating system. They do not have a duo processor but have a single processor. Hard drives storage is also quite less. All hard drives are embedded with 30GB and a ram of 512MB. Some of other laptops also have Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios.

UX models are quite simple in nature, and they can be used by normal people for storing their data and carrying out day to day tasks. Some of these laptops use a integrated phone, this phone comes with an GSM/EDGE connection. This allows people to communicate with other people across the world. Some of these laptops look out to be bulky, but when used people get impressed with their work. There is one micro pc of this Sony. This micro pc delivers high performance for pocket pc users. This pc uses the latest X-Brite technology LCD. Its screen allows users continuous interaction for long durations without any interruption. The screen of this pocket laptop is around 4.5 inches.

Sony has embedded flash memory into its UX series laptops. This flash memory is quite faster in nature and consumes less battery power. This flash memory acts as a better performance agent; the sped it works is quite high when compared to any other ordinary hard drive. Most of the people go for UX series laptops because of their mobility; they are quite easy to carry from one area to another area. The WAN connection allows users to connect to the internet without any disturbance. They can carry it to any destination in the world and connect to the internet without any hassle.

All these small laptops simply fit into the hands of users. Some of this series laptops user WSVGA touch screen. They allow users to carry out all their tasks with a single touch. UX series laptops are said to be the smallest laptops available in the world. They are cool gizmos with unique functional features. Some of these laptops have a powerful CPU, which has 4200 rotations per minute. These laptops combine PDA, mobile phones, Laptop. At the bottom there is a small 4.5 inches keyboard for this laptop. This small keyboard allows users to carry out some functions when the touch screen fails to operate.

These gadgets contain built in cameras. These cameras allow users to take pictures comfortably. When folded this laptop completely takes the shape of a digital camera, people can take pictures with the camera attached at its back. The front camera can be used as a web camera for carrying out seminars.

UX series laptops have built in stereo speakers, these speakers give out high density sound. People can enjoy playing their songs and other video files. UX series laptops are called as tablet laptops. They include some ports like USB2.0, IEEE 1394, VGA and AV outputs. These laptops can be connected to televisions also. Battery backup of UX series laptops is excellent. People can work on them continuously for 3-5 hours. They have an Intel graphics medial accelerator which supports 1024*600 resolutions. Final word for UX series laptops is - they are the best compact devices available in the market.

Currently available Vaio UX Models : VGN-UX57GN/L

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What is 3G?

3G refers to the third generation of developments in wireless technology, especially mobile communications. The third generation, as its name suggests, follows the first generation (1G) and second generation (2G) in wireless communications.

1G - The 1G period began in the late 1970s and lasted through the 1980s. These systems featured the first true mobile phone systems, known at first as "cellular mobile radio telephone." These networks used analog voice signaling, and were little more sophisticated than the repeater networks used by amateur radio operators.

2G - The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much of this technology is still in use. The 2G cell phone features digital voice encoding. Examples include CDMA and GSM. Since its inception, 2G technology has steadily improved, with increased bandwidth, packet routing, and the introduction of multimedia.

3G includes capabilities and features such as:
Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control).
Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone, e-mail, paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Web browsing).

Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps).
Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, and North America.
While 3G is generally considered applicable mainly to mobile wireless, it is also relevant to fixed wireless and portable wireless.

A 3G system should be operational from any location on, or over, the earth's surface, including use in homes, businesses, government offices, medical establishments, the military, personal and commercial land vehicles, private and commercial watercraft and marine craft, private and commercial aircraft (except where passenger use restrictions apply), portable (pedestrians, hikers, cyclists, campers), and space stations and spacecraft.

3G offers the potential to keep people connected at all times and in all places. Researchers, engineers, and marketers are faced with the challenge of accurately predicting how much technology consumers will actually be willing to pay for.

Another challenge faced by 3G services is competition from other high-speed wireless technologies, especially mobile WiMAX, and ability to roam between different kinds of wireless networks.

The current status of mobile wireless communications, as of July 2007, is a mix of 2nd and 3rd generation technologies.

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Streamyx Technology

"streamyx is a broadband access service which provides 'always on' connection to the Internet with speed bandwidths from 512kbps up to 4Mbps." With the high-speed connectivity/ bandwidth, the service is ideal to support most broadband applications such as, web hosting, video streaming, e-commerce, distance learning and others.

The technology which supports streamyx service is DSL. It stands for Digital Subscriber Line. DSL is the next generation of Internet access technology. A house or business with DSL has a data socket that looks like a phone socket. DSL is a direct connection to the Internet that is always on. Technology has basically enhanced the copper pair to enable data communication at rates of up to 4Mb/s.

The types of DSL technology chosen to support streamyx are ADSL, SDSL and Glite DSL. ADSL stands for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line. It allows you to simultaneously access the net and use the phone or fax (at the same time). GLite DSL is similar to ADSL but has lesser speed capability than full rate ADSL.
SDSL stands for Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line.

The different between ADSL and SDSL is SDSL offers the customer symmetrical bandwidth upstream and downstream to a customer (e.g. 1.5Mb/s SDSL Streamyx package offers the customer 1.5Mb/s downstream speed as well as 1.5Mb/s upstream speed). Technologically, SDSL does not allow voice/fax (PSTN) over the same copper.

An ADSL system basically consists of two parts ie. the Central Office (CO) which is located at the exchange building and the other, Remote Termination Unit(RTU) at subscriber's premise. The Central Office (CO) and Remote Terminal Unit(RTU) are connected via an existing pair of copper telephone lines. Diagrams belows shows the tmnet direct(ADSL) set up.

The Central Office (CO) for ADSL consists of two types of chassis. The first chassis is the ADSL unit for modem cards and control card while the second chassis is for the POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) splitter. The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for ADSL also consists of POTS splitter and ADSL modem.
A significant advantage of ADSL is its ability to seperate data traffic from voice communications via one pair of existing copper wire.

The voice communication is split off from the data traffic by POTS splitter hence allowing uninterrupted telephony services even if the ADSL fails. The diagram above shows the ADSL whereby the voice communication is split and sent to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) while the data traffic is sent to the broadband network.

While in the SDSL network set-up (where it only supports data), there will be no network element of voice network (PSTN). The customer is connected directly into the broadband network.

For latest streamyx package & promotion, please Contact : 013-363 0710 (ady)

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Straight-through Cable

Straight-through cable is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for local area network (LAN) use for which the RJ-45 connectors at each end have the same pinout (i.e., arrangement of conductors).
It is identical to crossover cable, except that in the latter the wires on the cable are crossed over so that the receive signal pins on the connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the connector on the other end.

Straight-through cable is also commonly referred to as patch cable. However, this might be confusing in some situations because patch cable also has a broader definition that emphasizes the fact that there is a connector on each end rather than the equality (or lack thereof) of the pinouts.

Straight-through cable is used to connect computers and other end-user devices (e.g., printers) to networking devices such as hubs and switches. It can also be used to directly connect like devices (e.g., two hubs or two switches) if the cable is plugged into an uplink port on one (but not both) of the devices. Crossover cable is used to connect two like devices without the use of an uplink port.

Crossover Cable

A crossover cable is a cable that maps all output signals on one electrical connector to the input signals on the other connector, allowing two electronic devices to perform full-duplex communication.

Most commonly, the term refers to the Ethernet crossover cable, but other cables follow the same principle. It also allows devices to communicate without a switch, hub, or router.

Cross-Over cables are used to connect two computers directly through NICs without the use of a Hub or Switch or to uplink two or more hubs, switches or routers.

The Pins of the RJ-45 Connectors at both ends of a cross-over cable are connected as follows:



Only two pairs of wires in the eight-pin RJ-45 connector are used to carry Ethernet signals. Both 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T use the same pins, a crossover cable made for one will also work with the other.

WLAN - Wireless LAN

A wireless LAN (or WLAN, for wireless local area network, sometimes referred to as LAWN, for local area wireless network) is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless (radio) connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specify the technologies for wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm.

High-bandwidth allocation for wireless will make possible a relatively low-cost wiring of classrooms in the United States. A similar frequency allocation has been made in Europe. Hospitals and businesses are also expected to install wireless LAN systems where existing LANs are not already in place.

Using technology from the Symbionics Networks, Ltd., a wireless LAN adapter can be made to fit on a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA) card for a laptop or notebook computer.

Computer Building Checklist

List of parts you need to build your own PC (personal computer)

__ ATX tower (or mid-tower) case
__ ATX Motherboard
__ CPU (with heatsink/fan)
__ RAM
__ Graphics/video card
__ Sound card
__ Hard drive(s)
__ Speakers
__ Keyboard
__ Mouse
__ Wrist rests for Keyboard/Mouse (optional)
__ Monitor
__ CD-ROM or DVD-ROM or CD-RW or CD-RW/DVD-ROM
__ Surge Protector
__ Floppy Drive (optional)
__ Zip Drive (optional)
__ Network Interface Card (optional)
__ Modem (optional)
__ FireWire/i.Link (IEEE 1394) Card (optional)
__ Printer (optional)
__ Scanner (optional)
__ Webcam (optional)

Description of Parts

ATX tower (or mid-tower) case - The tower is the physical casing that your entire computer (minus accessories) sits in. It holds the motherboard, disk drives, and all the other goodies. Virtually all cases come with a power supply, which has small cables that are used to supply current to all the drives, the motherboard, and any cards you place into the motherboard.

ATX Motherboard - The ATX motherboard is the most common motherboard. It is made specifically to fit into the ATX case. The motherboard holds a CPU socket/slot, sockets for RAM, IDE hard drive connectors, and many input/output features such as a parallel port and serial ports. Most motherboards now come with USB 1.1 (although not USB 2.0) on-board. Also included on the motherboard are typically three to six PCI slots for cards, and one AGP slot for a high-speed graphics card.

CPU (with heatsink/fan) - The CPU is more or less the brain of the computer's computations. It fits into the motherboard. You must get a motherboard that matches the CPU you want. For example, you can't place an AMD Althon CPU on a Pentium 4 motherboard. The heatsink and fan take the heat away from the computer, and your computer will probably fry fairly quickly without one because the CPU generates a ton of heat.

RAM - Random access memory is extremely important in running programs. Most operating systems require at least 32MB of RAM, although it's fairly safe to have a minimum of 512MB now. When RAM becomes inexpensive, it's kind of fun to max out your system. :) There are a limited number of RAM sockets on a computer--typically two to five. If you fill your sockets and still don't have the maximum, you may have to remove a smaller chip (say a 128MB DIMM) and replace it with a larger one (512MB or 1.0GB ). Be careful! Not all motherboards take the same kind of memory, and not all can take all sizes.

Graphics/video card - People who play games like graphics cards. If you like to play 3D games, look up the latest reviews for the best card on the market if that so suits you. Some graphics cards can take a cable input and will let you watch TV in a window on your computer. Others will let you run two monitors at once. There are lots of choices.

Sound card - Lots of ATX motherboards come with a built-in 16-bit sound card. For lots of people that isn't enough. You can now get Dolby Digital sound cards from companies like Creative Labs. They come in handy if you are an obsessive gamer. :) If you're just going to be hearing the standard instant message sound, and the "welcome to your OS" sound, a cheap 16-bit sound card should do you fine if your motherboard came without one.

Hard drive(s) - A hard drive holds all your data. Don't think less than 20GB. By the time you read this, it will probably be more reasonable to not think less than 40GB. There are 120GB IDE hard drives on the market at the time of writing. If you're not doing video editing, a 5400 RPM IDE hard drive should do you fine. If you *are* doing video editing, think 7200 RPM. An hour of digital video consumes about 12GB-13GB before its compressed, so you can see why it is important to have a large hard disk. If you *are* doing video editing, throw in a second IDE hard drive or consider switching over to SCSI. I personally think IDE does just fine, and it's inexpensive. Most people like Maxtor and Western Digital hard drives.

Speakers - Hmm. They have a stereo cable that connects to your sound cards output. They range in price from RM30 to RM100 or more. If you got that Dolby Digital sound card, don't be an idiot and buy a RM50 pair of stereo speakers.

Keyboard - Useful if you've ever tried to run a computer with only a mouse. Some are curved in ways that are better for your hands. If that makes you happy, get one like that. If you don't need one that fancy, get a standard one like the rest of us.

Mouse - I have a RM20 serial mouse that I'm happy with. You may wish to get an optical USB mouse with doesn't have a ball to get caught. But they cost more.
Wrist rests for Keyboard/Mouse (optional) - Trust me, they come in handy and pay themselves back quickly in less wrist pain.

Monitor - If you use your computer for less than an hour a day, you might be able to get away with a 14 or 15 inch monitor. You'll regret getting one that small if you suddenly start using it a lot more. I run a 17 inch Sony Trinitron CRT. I haven't gone blind. Be careful about getting really big monitors, they are heavy and won't fit on your computer desk if you have a shelf above where you will place your monitor :) Your monitor needs to do a minimum of 1024 x 768 comfortably, and have the option of going higher. I'm twice as productive in 1024 x 768 than I am in 800 x 600. 640 x 480 is impossible to work in unless you have eyesight problems. :) So think 17 inch to 21 inch.

CD-ROM or DVD-ROM or CD-RW or CD-RW/DVD-ROM - This is more or less a money issue. I have a CD-ROM and a CD-RW on my computer. a CD-ROM only reads CDs, a DVD-ROM reads CDs and DVDs, a CD-RW reads CDs, writes CD-R, and writes CD-RW. A CD-RW/DVD-ROM reads DVDs, reads CDs, writes CD-R, and writes CD-RW. If I were putting together a new computer, I'd get the CD-RW/DVD-ROM and throw in a high-speed CD-ROM. That way I could still copy CDs (for backup purposes of course) directly.

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Proxy Server

What is a Proxy Server?
A proxy server is a computer that offers a computer network service to allow clients to make indirect network connections to other network services. A client connects to the proxy server, then requests a connection, file, or other resource available on a different server. The proxy provides the resource either by connecting to the specified server or by serving it from a cache. In some cases, the proxy may alter the client's request or the server's response for various purposes.

Web proxies
A common proxy application is a caching Web proxy. This provides a nearby cache of Web pages and files available on remote Web servers, allowing local network clients to access them more quickly or reliably.
When it receives a request for a Web resource (specified by a URL), a caching proxy looks for the resulting URL in its local cache. If found, it returns the document immediately. Otherwise it fetches it from the remote server, returns it to the requester and saves a copy in the cache. The cache usually uses an expiry algorithm to remove documents from the cache, according to their age, size, and access history. Two simple cache algorithms are Least Recently Used (LRU) and Least Frequently Used (LFU). LRU removes the least-recently used documents, and LFU removes the least-frequently used documents.

Web proxies can also filter the content of Web pages served. Some censorware applications — which attempt to block offensive Web content — are implemented as Web proxies. Other web proxies reformat web pages for a specific purpose or audience; for example, Skweezer reformats web pages for cell phones and PDAs. Network operators can also deploy proxies to intercept computer viruses and other hostile content served from remote Web pages.

A special case of web proxies are "CGI proxies." These are web sites which allow a user to access a site through them. They generally use PHP or CGI to implement the proxying functionality. CGI proxies are frequently used to gain access to web sites blocked by corporate or school proxies. Since they also hide the user's own IP address from the web sites they access through the proxy, they are sometimes also used to gain a degree of anonymity.

You may see references to four different types of proxy servers:

Transparent Proxy - This type of proxy server identifies itself as a proxy server and also makes the original IP address available through the http headers. These are generally used for their ability to cache websites and do not effectively provide any anonymity to those who use them. However, the use of a transparent proxy will get you around simple IP bans. They are transparent in the terms that your IP address is exposed, not transparent in the terms that you do not know that you are using it (your system is not specifically configured to use it.)

Anonymous Proxy - This type of proxy server identifies itself as a proxy server, but does not make the original IP address available. This type of proxy server is detectable, but provides reasonable anonymity for most users.

Distorting Proxy - This type of proxy server identifies itself as a proxy server, but make an incorrect original IP address available through the http headers.

High Anonymity Proxy - This type of proxy server does not identify itself as a proxy server and does not make available the original IP address.

What is IP address?

An IP address (Internet Protocol Address) is a logical address of a network adapter.
The IP address is unique and identifies computers on a network.
An IP address can be private, for use on a LAN, or public, for use on the Internet or other WAN.

Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad') and look something like 127.0.0.1.

Since these numbers are usually assigned to internet service providers within region-based blocks, an IP address can often be used to identify the region or country from which a computer is connecting to the Internet. An IP address can sometimes be used to show the user's general location.

Because the numbers may be tedious to deal with, an IP address may also be assigned to a Host name, which is sometimes easier to remember.

Hostnames may be looked up to find IP addresses, and vice-versa. At one time ISPs issued one IP address to each user. These are called static IP addresses. Because there is a limited number of IP addresses and with increased usage of the internet ISPs now issue IP addresses in a dynamic fashion out of a pool of IP addresses (Using DHCP).

These are referred to as dynamic IP addresses. This also limits the ability of the user to host websites, mail servers, ftp servers, etc. In addition to users connecting to the internet, with virtual hosting, a single machine can act like multiple machines (with multiple domain names and IP addresses).

Local Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport.

Local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link. Typically, connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an office building). Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a home network) or as many as thousands of users (for example, in an FDDI network).

The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide-area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.

Major local area network technologies are:
- Ethernet
- Token Ring
- FDDI